phosphatidic acids การใช้
- LPIN1 and LPIN2 catalyze the reaction of the conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglyerol.
- Phosphatidic acid is a signal molecule and acts to recruit downstream of DAG and vice versa.
- Two phosphatidic acid moieties connect with a glycerol backbone in the center to form a dimeric structure.
- Then acylglycerol-3-phosphate can be acylated to form a phosphatidic acid ( PA ).
- Phosphatidic acids can also be hydrolyzed by lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase, but at a significantly lower rate.
- This stops the production of phospholipids and phosphatidic acids to signal the end of a cell's proliferation process.
- It has a high affinity for phosphatidic acid and cardiolipin and can be induced by interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha.
- Phosphatidylcholine ( PC )-specific phospholipases D ( PLDs ) catalyze the hydrolysis of PC to produce phosphatidic acid and choline.
- Phospholipase D catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to form phosphatidic acid ( PA ), releasing the soluble choline headgroup into the cytosol.
- The protein is located within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and converts lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, the second step in de novo phospholipid biosynthesis.
- However, NAPE-PLD had no ability to produce detectable phosphatidic acid from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine as is catalyzed by other phospholipase D enzymes.
- Rather, they demonstrated that this fatty acid is introduced to a large extent through the " de novo " synthesis of phosphatidic acid.
- It also lacks the transphosphatidylation activity of phospholipase D that allows the creation of phosphatidyl alcohols rather than phosphatidic acid in the presence of ethanol or butanol.
- PKC-? shows important regulation of phospholipase D . Phospholipase D is located on the plasma membrane and is responsible for hydrolyzing phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid and choline.
- Since diacylglycerol is synthesized via phosphatidic acid, it will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position.
- LPLs are usually the result of phospholipase A-type enzymatic activity on regular phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid, although they can also be generated by the acylation of glycerophospholipids or the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols.
- First an " N "-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D ( NAPE-PLD ) into phosphatidic acid and OEA . The biosynthesis of OEA and other bioactive lipid amides is modulated by bile acids.
- In addition to serving as a primary component of cellular membranes and binding sites for intra-and intercellular proteins, some glycerophospholipids in eukaryotic cells, such as phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidic acids are either precursors of or, themselves, membrane-derived second messengers.
- For example, a proposed biosynthetic pathway for the N-acyl ethanolamines ( NAEs ) has been the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine ( NAPE ), by a phospholipase D activity to liberate NAE and, as a byproduct, phosphatidic acid.
- In " S . cerevisiae " mitochondria, phosphatidylcholine makes up 38.4 % of the IMM, phosphatidylethanolamine makes up 24.0 %, phosphatidylinositol 16.2 %, cardiolipin 16.1 %, phosphatidylserine 3.8 %, and phosphatidic acid 1.5 %.